1.0 introduction

This program complies with the Hazard Communication Standard for employers in the State of California as mandated by the Federal Hazard Communication Standard.

Best Contracting Services, Inc. notifies their employees of any hazardous materials used in the workplace and how to safeguard themselves against any possible ill effects from exposure to these materials.

The Hazard Communication Program consists of four basic parts:

• The written Hazard Communication Program.
• Safety Data Sheet (SDS) information including maintenance, distribution, availability and locations.
• Labeling of hazardous chemical and material containers.
• Employee training and information.

Best Contracting Services, Inc. makes this information available to employees who may be exposed to chemicals and provides training so employees are aware of hazardous properties and how to minimize exposure. Further, the training provides related, detailed information regarding each of these chemicals or group of chemicals.

This manual is designed to provide training to comply with State and Federal hazard communication laws by providing employees that use, or may be exposed to, chemicals with the necessary information to safely work with those materials. The manual is divided into sections beginning with general topics and progresses into specifics related to groups of chemicals.

Other safety standards related to this topic require the disclosure of information to employees when suspected carcinogens, lead and asbestos are present. Notices and signs may be posted in the workplace indicating their presence. Safety information and training will be provided when required under these safety standards. The company Code of Safe Practices should also be reviewed to supplement this program.

The company Safety Director will administer our internal program. All levels of management and supervision are responsible to see that the program is followed and enforced.

2.0 Employer Responsibility

Best Contracting Services, Inc. has several primary responsibilities as the employer:

• Maint ain a safe work environment.
• Notify employees and visitors of the hazards of materials used in the workplace.
• Document training of employees in the safe use of materials in the workplace.
• Maintain SDS of all hazardous materials used in the workplace.
• Immediately provide copies of a specific SDS and this written program to any employee w ho makes such a request.
• Provide and/or maintain proper container labeling.
• Monitor the w orkplace to assure safe and proper storage, use, and disposal of materials that could be hazardous.
• Inform employees of their rights under this law.

3.0 employee rights and responsibilities

Under this law, employees have specific rights and responsibilities:

• Be informed of materials in the workplace that could be hazardous.
• Be trained in the safe use of materials that could be hazardous in the workplace.
• Request Safety Data Sheets of specific materials.
• Request a copy of this program.
• Use only known and labeled materials.
• Be provided with protective equipment as required by a Safety Data Sheet when working with a material which could be hazardous.
• An employee’s physician may also receive this information.
• Employees cannot be discharged or discriminated against for exercising their rights.
• Follow safety procedures and instruction.
• tend training classes.
• ilize safety equipment as provided.
• Do not alter, deface or destroy any label.
• Notify supervisors of unsafe conditions.

4.0 materials inventory audits

• An initial inventory of all hazardous substances will be made of work areas and facilities. An annual audit will be conducted thereafter under the direction of the Safety Director. All hazardous substances required will be identified and listed. The inventory list will be posted in each department.
  
  The listing is included with this program and will note at least the following information:
  • The name of the hazardous substance.
  • Identify the manufacturer or supplier.
  • The location(s) where the hazardous substance is used.
  • The date the SDS was prepared.
• Purchases of all materials and chemicals, whether hazardous or not, must be review ed and approved by the Purchasing Dept. and must include receipt of the Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for the item purchased.
• New purchases of all hazardous substances should be made through the Purchasing Department. If hazardous substances are purchased or otherwise obtained, it is the responsibility of the foreman or superintendent to promptly forward the SDS to the Safety Director.

5.0 safety data sheets (sds)

An SDS provides all hazard and safety information relative to a product. Regardless of manufacturer or material, the SDS format is always the same.

The following have been implemented to assure the availability and completeness of SDSs.

• An SDS w ill be provided for all required hazardous substances present.
• There w ill be a Mast er SDS File and index of all hazardous substances that will be located at the main office.
• An SDS with associated index on all hazardous substances used in a specific work area or for a specific job site will be available to employees.
• The original inventory listing and audits will be used to ascertain that there is an SDS for each hazardous substance.
• In the event an SDS is not available or should a new hazardous substance be introduced for use without a required SDS, the foreman should immediately contact the Safety Director.
• SDS will be reviewed for completeness by the Safety Director. If an SDS is missing or obviously incomplete, a new SDS will be requested from the manufacturer. Cal-OSHA will be notified if a complete SDS is not received. A sample request letter is included with this program.
• Whenever new or revised SDSs are received and indicate significantly increased health risks or additional measures necessary to protect employees, this information will be provided to employees within 30 days after receipt by the foremen.
• The procedure for any employee to request a copy of an SDS is:
  
  The employee should contact their foreman and request a photocopy of the SDS f rom the SDS manual. If the request ed SDS is not available, the employee should f ill out the form entitled ” Employee Request for ‘‘ Saf et y Dat a Sheet ” and forw ard it to the Saf ety Director. A request form is included w ith this program.

SDSs are primarily provided for the following uses:

• Employee training.
• Product reference, application
• First aid, medical information.
• Protective measures to be used, taken.
• Firefighting.
• Storage and transportation

6.0 labels and labeling

Manufacturers and/or suppliers of materials and substances are required by law to properly and adequat ely label all cont ainers respect ive to the hazards and saf eguards associat ed w ith their products.

• All hazardous substances must have a label that includes the follow ing information:
  • The name of the hazardous substance(s).
  • Any specific warning or other hazard information.
  • Identification of the manufacturer or supplier and address.
• A label will not be removed from its container, nor will such label be defaced.
• Should it become necessary for a label to either be introduced by the company or replaced on a hazardous substance container, such label will display the information noted in Paragraph A above.
• All containers of hazardous substances will be received and the label assured to be affixed on each and all containers by the accounting department. Any hazardous substance received directly must be checked to assure that each container is appropriately labeled.
• Where hazardous substances are stored/dispensed from a permanent fixed location, a wall placard or sign may be used in lieu of a label. The placard or sign will be affixed to the container or immediately adjacent to the container in clear view. Each placard or sign will identify the hazardous substance and any hazards present, or be a duplicate of the manufacturer’s label.
• It will be the responsibility of each foreman to ensure that all containers are labeled by periodically reviewing container labels. Secondary containers (spray bottles, mixing jugs) must also have a proper label that ident if ies the hazardous substance and any hazards present, or be a duplicate of the manufacturer’s label.

Best Contracting Services, Inc. has adopted the following system to label inadequately identified original containers or stationary containers. As indicated on the diagrams, the labels are divided into four sections denoted by different colors and numbers. They are as follows:

• Flammability is indicated as red. The degree of flammability appears in the red diamond. The numbers correspond to a decrease in the flash point:
  • 4 – below 73 degrees F
  • 3 – below 100 degrees F
  • 2 – below 200 F
  • 1 – above 200 degrees F
  • 0 – will not burn
• Reactivity: information is located in the yellow diamond area along with chemical names with specific chemical information. The number indicates the degree of reactivity:
  • 4 – may detonate
  • 3 – shock and heat may detonate
  • 2 – violent chemical change
  • 1 – unstable if heated
  • 0 – stable
• Health: hazards indicated in blue provide more specific health information. The number indicates the degree of hazard:
  • 4 – deadly
  • 3 – extreme danger
  • 2 – hazardous
  • 1 – slightly hazardous
  • 0 – normal material
• Specific Hazard: hazards indicated in white briefly describe the hazard associated with each substance including:
  • Oxidizer
  • Acid
  • Alkali
  • Corrosive
  • Water reactive
  • Radiation

7.0 Employee Training

• All employees will receive general training on the Hazard Communication Program at the time of initial hire.
• Specific training as necessary will be provided to each employee by the foreman at the job site. Training is also required whenever a new hazardous substance is introduced into the workplace. The purpose of specific training is to identify the particular hazardous substances that are present and explain the associated hazards in addition to any and all necessary safety precautions which are required.
• Program information and training will be accomplished by lecture, photo, slides, video, literature or any combination thereof. Training will cover the contents of this program to include a review of the following:
• An overview of the requirements contained in the Hazard Communication Regulation including each employee’s rights under this law.
• Location and availability of the written Hazard Communication Program, SDS and other supporting materials.
• Procedure to request Hazard Communication Program copies or SDS.
• The specific hazardous substances in each employee’s workplace including the operations and locations where they are present.
• Explanation of the physical and health hazards associated with hazardous substances.
• Description of an SDS and an explanation on how to read the document.
• Explanation of labels used by manufacturers and the company to identify hazardous substances.
• Methods and observation techniques used to determine the presence or release of hazardous substances in the workplace (odor, appearance, irritation of eyes, smoke, etc.).
• Measures employees can take to lessen or prevent exposure to hazardous substances (knowledge of chemicals, storage practices, personal protective equipment, labels, emergency eye wash, etc.).
• Emergency and first aid procedures to follow in the event of an employee exposure to a hazardous substance.
• Employees w ill sign a form w henever they attend a t raining session indicating that they received information on the Hazard Communication Program or received technical or specific t raining relative to hazardous substances.
• Periodically, employees may be required to perform non-routine work or tasks using hazardous chemicals, materials or work in associated hazardous locations. Prior to starting such projects, each affected employee will be given information about the chemicals, materials, or exposure of such activity by the foreman. Such information will include:
• Specific hazards that may be associated with the chemical or material.
• Protective and other safety measures to be taken.
• Measures the company is taking to lessen or prevent hazards, i.e., ventilation, respirators, storage, safety watch personnel, postings and barriers, fire extinguisher, other personal protective equipment, etc.
• Review of the hazardous substance SDS or other technical information applicable to the work.
• Review of emergency procedures to be taken.
• To ensure that employees who work with unlabeled containers have been informed as to the hazardous substances contained within the following procedure has been established:
  
  Prior to starting work with unlabeled containers, employees are to contact their foreman for the following information:

• The hazardous substance in the container.
• The potential hazards associated w ith the hazardous substance.
• Safety precautions w hich shall be taken.
• Protective safety equipment w hich shall be used.

8.0 program maintenance – other functions

• Purchasing: A boiler plate statement will be applied to all purchase orders on request in order to obtain applicable SDS on all hazardous substances.
  
  “Safety Data Sheets are mandatory with this order.”
  
  The SDS must accompany the product upon delivery or a statement must be furnished which states that the product is exempt from the regulations and does not requires an SDS.
• Other supplied hazardous substances: No hazardous substance requiring an SDS will be introduced or obtained for any work area by petty cash purchase, supplier samples or other means without the knowledge of the Safety Monitor.
• Contractors: Whenever contractors are engaged to perform work at company facilities, there will be a mutual exchange of information regarding hazardous substances.
• A boiler plate statement will be applied to all purchase orders or bid specifications on request in order to obtain a list of hazardous substances and any requested SDS used by a contractor.
  
  “Safety Data Sheets are mandatory with this order.”
  
  All information provided by the contractor will be reviewed by the department coordinating the contractor’s work so that safety precautions and training (if necessary) can be instituted to lessen or prevent possible exposure to these hazardous substances. Copies of SDS will be provided to the Safety Monitor.
• It will be the responsibility of the Safety Monitor to provide contractors with the following information:
• A list of hazardous substances to which the contractor’s employees may be exposed to while on the job site. Copies of any SDS requested should be provided.
• Precautions and controls to be taken to lessen or prevent possible exposure by use of appropriate protective measures.

9.0 personal protective equipment

The many ways a chemical can enter the body are called routes of entry. These routes of entry are via the mouth, nose and lungs by inhalation; through the skin and eyes by absorption; through the membranes in the eyes; and through the stomach and intestines by ingestion. Personal protective equipment acts as a barrier to these routes of entry, blocking off access of these chemicals to human t issues.

The specific equipment required to protect an individual varies depending on the exact nature and type of chemical in questions, the process in which this chemical is used, the exposure to the individual at this operation, and also the specific biological makeup of the person being exposed. Not everybody reacts alike when it comes to chemicals. There are methods by which you can protect yourself through the use of personal protective equipment.

Respirators are a barrier to chemicals that can be inhaled. Respirators either filter particles out of the air, react with chemicals in the air to neutralize them or provide fresh air from a source separate from the work area. There are two important things to remember about using respirators. The first is that a respirator only works when you use it and that means using it properly. They will not work if you don’t use them. Second, and equally important, is that the proper respirator and filters for a specific hazard must be used. Respirators designed for one type of chemical will not work for another. A respirator designed for dusts will not protect against paint vapors. If there is a question about the proper type of respirator to use, contact the Safety Director. No one is allow ed to use any respirator without respirator training.

Gloves and aprons provide a barrier to skin absorption. Depending on the specific hazards in at the job site, a variety of these items may be necessary to provide the proper level of protection. Consult the foreman for specific recommendations.

It is mandatory to use eye and face protection when working with the kettle. Safety glasses are mandatory for personnel working with or around liquid chemicals of any sort, splash proof chemical goggles are highly recommended.

Always label any container to prevent accidental drinking. Always thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water before eating, drinking or smoking. Keep any food or cigarettes away from the work area. Breads, fruits, and cigarettes can actually absorb chemicals from the air to be ingested later.

Anything that you can do to separate your work environment from your own personal protection, and skin protection means good protection. Protect yourself and protect your health.

Personal protective equipment is available from the foreman.

10.0 health hazards of industrial materials

• METAL WORKING FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS
• Insoluble Oils and Greases
• CHARACTERISTICS: Commonly known as lubricating oils or greases, generally these oils are petroleum based hydrocarbon mixtures that contain no water. Appearances range from clear light brown liquids to dark brown greases. Oils can be fire hazards because they are combustible (meaning they will burn), and should be stored/kept away from concentrated acids or other oxidizing materials. Examples of common oils and greases are multi weight motor oil, gear lubricating oils, and some cutting oils.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Petroleum based oils and greases are generally of low toxicity. Inhalation of generated mists may cause mild irritation of the nose, throat, and eyes and some difficulty in breathing, how ever, this is very rare. Overexposure can cause headaches, nausea, or dizziness.


The most common exposure to petroleum based oils/fluids is skin exposure. Excessive or prolonged exposure of the skin to the oils may cause skin conditions such as contact dermatitis.
• PPE/HANDLING: For operations where oil mists are generated local exhaust ventilation is preferred. If there is no local exhaust ventilation, a respirator with an organic vapor/particulate cartridge should be utilized. Any practical way to reduce time and frequency of skin exposure to the oils is recommended. Mild aterless hand cleaners are especially useful for removal of oil.


Oil resistant protective gloves should be used whenever feasible. Safety glasses or goggles should be worn at all times to prevent any oil from splattering or splashing into the eyes. Never use solvents to clean the skin. The most common method is the use of mild soap and lukewarm water to remove the oil.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: Lubricating oils and fluids like other chemicals should be handled with care. In the event of eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes, then seek medical attention. In case of accidental ingestion, do not induce vomiting, give milk or water, and seek immediate medical attention. If any symptoms of inhalation overexposure (headaches, dizziness, nausea) should occur, get to fresh air immediately. In the person is unconscious, remove victim to fresh air, apply artificial respiration if necessary, and seek immediate medical attention. Any areas of skin contact, should be washed thoroughly with mild soap and lukewarm water or waterless hand cleaner, in order to reduce the risk of skin disorders.
• Soluble Oils
• CHARACTERISTICS: Soluble oils, generally referred to as soluble cutting fluids, are emulsified oils, which means that they can be mixed with water. They can be derived from animal, vegetable, or petroleum sources. Soluble oils come in a variety of colors ranging from brown to blue depending upon whether or not they contain dyes or additives, and usually have a mild fragrant odor. Most oils are combustible (meaning they will burn) and should be stored away from concentrated acids or other oxidizing agents. Examples of soluble oils are Van Stratten cutting oil, Trim-Sol and Pems oil.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Oil mists (particulates) and vapors can be generated and may cause mild irritation of the nose, throat and eyes when inhaled. Some difficulty in breathing can result. Overexposure can cause headaches, nausea, or dizziness.


The most common exposure to the soluble cutting oils is via the skin. Exposure to used, dirty, or contaminated oils, may cause mild irritation, chronic skin conditions or contact dermatitis. Ingestion may be harmful, depending on the amount ingested and the concentration of the cutting f luid.
• PPE/HANDLING: For operations where oil mists are generated, local exhaust ventilation is preferred. If there is no local exhaust ventilation, a respirator with an organic vapor/particulate cartridge should be utilized. There is no substitute for good personal hygiene and safe work practices. Any practical way to reduce time and frequency of skin exposure to the soluble oils is recommended. Mild soap and lukewarm water is generally a good source for removing the oil from the skin. For excessive exposure, oil impervious gloves should be worn and skin cream applied to prevent drying. Safety glasses or goggles should always be worn to prevent the oil from splashing into the eyes. Never use solvents to clean the skin. This will only increase the risk of unusual skin disorders.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In the event of eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes, if the irritation persists seek medical attention. If inhalation overexposure occurs, get to fresh air immediately. In the case of an unconscious person, remove victim to fresh air, apply artificial respiration if necessary, and seek medical attention. If accidental ingestion occurs, do not induce vomiting, and seek immediate medical attention. Any skin contact, should be washed thoroughly with mild soap and lukewarm water, in order to reduce the risk of skin disorders.
• Aerosol Spray Lubricants
• CHARACTERISTICS: Aerosol spray lubricants, unlike other oil based lubricants, generally contain a high percentage of halogenated solvents, (methylene chloride, etc.). Most of the 12 oz. aerosol sprays are usually flammable or extremely flammable because of the propellant (propane, butane, etc.) within them. Therefore, these products should never be exposed to open flames or high temperatures. Examples of spray lubricants include Zip Aerosol products and #711 Lubricant.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: As indicated above, many of these aerosols contain methylene chloride either as a propellant or a carrier solvent. Methylene chloride is a suspected carcinogen, therefore, exposure to the aerosol vapors should be minimized as much as possible. Some of the aerosol spray lubricants may also contain small percentages of metals, which are used as pigments.
• ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Phosgene gas, an extremely toxic gas, may be generated as a decomposition product of combustion if the spray lubricants come in contact with a flame (e.g., a lighted cigarette, or welding operations, etc.) or a very hot metal. Phosgene gas when inhaled is a severe respirat ory irritant that causes irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat at extremely low concentrations. Exposure to moderate concentrations can cause a delayed onset or pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) which may progress to pneumonia. A brief overexposure to high concentrations of phosgene gas may cause death.
• PPE/HANDLING: All solvents should be handled with respect and used in well ventilated areas. If spraying in moderate concentrations, avoid overexposure by wearing a respirator with organic vaporcart ridges. If spraying occurs in high concentrations an airline respirator should be worn. Avoid excessive contact with the skin in order to reduce the risk of skin irritation and/or dermatitis. Use chemically resistant (neoprene) gloves for prolonged or repeated contact . Always wear safety glasses or goggles to prevent eye contact with the aerosol spray or mist.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In the event of excessive skin or eye contact, flush eyes with water for 15 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. If swallowed do not induce vomiting, and seek medical attention immediately. In case of excessive overexposure by inhalation, remove person to fresh air, and seek immediate medical attention, apply artificial respiration if necessary. Containers should be stored in a clean, dry area avoiding storage above 80 degrees F to avoid the risk of the aerosol containers bursting or exploding.
• Solvent Based Fluids and Films
• CHARACTERISTICS: Solvent based fluids and films are commonly known as dry film or solid film lubricants. They vary in appearance from watery, clear liquids to grayish, black viscous fluids. Examples include high speed drilling compounds and fluids, Stoddard solvent as a rust preventative, Lubri-Bond 220 (bulk) and Lubrifilm LF-22.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Consult the specific SDS to determine w hich health hazard category to consult for further information. Generally, the primary routes of exposure to solvents are via inhalation and skin contact. Acute inhalation exposure may cause moderate anesthetic and narcotic effects, headache, dizziness, and nausea. Chronic exposure to some solvents may cause permanent damage to the central nervous system. Prolonged or repeated skin exposure may cause dermatitis.
• PPE/HANDLING: Always handle hazardous materials with care. Safety glasses, goggles, plastic face shield, etc., should be worn if material is handled in such a way that could be splashed into the eyes. Solvent resistant (neoprene) gloves and clothing, boots, aprons, etc. should be worn over parts of the body that may be exposed. If low concentration of oil mists occurs, a respirator with an organic vapor/mist cartridge should be worn. If high concentration occurs, an airline respirator should be worn. All solvent based lubricants should be utilized in well ventilated areas. General ventilation should be adequate. Always remember to wash hands and face with mild soap and lukewarm water before smoking or eating.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: If eye contact occurs, flush eyes with large amounts of water for 15 minutes, obtain immediate medical attention.


For skin contact, remove all contaminated clothing. Wash exposed areas of the skin with mild soap and lukewarm water. Contaminated clothing must be washed before worn. For inhalation overexposure, remove exposed person to fresh air immediately, apply artificial respiration if necessary, and obtain immediate medical care. In case of accidental ingestion, DO NOT induce vomiting. Get medical attention right away. In the case of a spill, remove all sources of ignition, ventilate the area, evacuate the area, and call the Fire Department to clean up the spill.
• SOLVENTS
• Halogenated Solvents
• CHARACTERISTICS: These products are usually clear, rapidly evaporating solvents containing chlorinates. They generally exhibit low flammability and have the consist ency of water. They have a mild odor and are used in degreasing, painting, stripping and other operations. Examples of chlorinated solvents are 1,1,1- Trichloroethane, methylene chloride and Freon-type products.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Most solvents are irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Excessive, repeated exposure to the skin may produce dermatitis and drying off the skin due to the defatting properties of solvents. Most are toxic and may be harmful or fatal if swallowed. Inhalation of excessive vapors may produce narcotic effects by depression of the central nervous system. Such exposure is evident by dizziness, nausea, and light-headedness in some individuals. Chronic health effects include affects to organs such as lungs, liver, kidney, and nervous system. Some solvents have been shown to produce cancer in laboratory animals. Compressed Freon products may produce “Freeze burns” on the skin and eyes when released. Very high concentration of vapors may be dangerous to life and health.
• PPE/HANDLING: Solvents should be handled with respect. Avoid any unnecessary exposure. Never wash hands in solvents, use soap and water after using solvents. Avoid excessive skin contact, use chemically resistant (neoprene gloves if necessary. Avoid inhalation of vapors when possible. Use airline respirators in areas of high concentration and confined spaces. Avoid contact with eyes, use chemical goggles for protection. Provide ventilation where possible. Boots, aprons and chemical suits are recommended for heavy potential exposures. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and reactive metals (magnesium, aluminum powders).
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In the event of eye contact, flush eyes for 15 minutes with water. Wash skin with soap and water and remove soaked clothing. Do not allow wet clothing to remain in prolonged contact with skin. If ingested, do not induce vomiting, and seek medical attention immediately. If inhaled remove to fresh air, apply artificial respiration if necessary. In the event of a major spill, evacuate area and call the Fire Department. Avoid drainage into the public water sewage system.
• Organic Solvents
• CHARACTERISTICS: Usually clear, rapidly evaporating solvents of a petroleum or alcohol base. These solvent s usually are very flammable and may or may not mix with water. They usually have an oil odor or alcohol like odor and are used in a variety of degreasing, painting and stripping type operations. Examples of organic solvents are toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and alcohol.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Organic solvents evaporate very quickly and pose a great fire hazard. Because of this rapid evaporation, and the natural penetrating nature of solvents, these materials can enter the body very rapidly through inhalation into the respiratory tract, through the skin and the eyes. Exposures of these types, in some instances, may lead to skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory irritation. These products may be harmful or fatal if swallowed. Some solvents may produce allergic reactions in sensitive people.
• PPE/HANDLING: It is important to minimize your exposure to solvents. For example, avoid skin contact by wearing heavy, non-porous gloves (neoprene). Cotton or leather gloves should never be worn when working with a solvent. Use tongs or a basket to handle or hold parts in a solvent bath. Never wash your hands in a solvent, use soap or waterless hand cleaner. Barrier creams may provide additional protection. Use ventilation system and avoid inhaling vapors. If your job requires it, wear a respirator. Use of airline respirators in areas of high concentration or confined spaces. Protect eyes with safety glasses or goggles. Boots, aprons, and chemical suits are available for heavy exposures. Electrically ground all containers when pouring or transferring solvents.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: Danger, these products are flammable! In the event of a spill, eliminate ignition sources, evacuate the area, and contact the Fire Department. In the event of eye contact, flush eyes for 15 minutes with water. For skin contact, wash skin with soap and water. Remove soaked clothing and wash before reusing. Avoid prolonged skin contact with any solvent. If ingested, do not induce vomiting, seek medical help immediately. If inhaled, move victim to fresh air, give artificial respiration if necessary. Avoid spillage into the public water sewage systems.
• ADHESIVES/SEALERS
• Adhesives
• CHARACTERISTICS: Adhesives are made-up of resins composed of two reaction components: 1) the curing agent (hardener, catalyst, accelerator, activator or setting agent ); and 2) the resin. The cured resins are generally found in a paste form, and the uncured resins are viscous liquids or solids.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Some of the cured resins contain amine curing agents. All amines are caustic and can cause dermatitis, severe burns and sometimes sensitization. Inhalation of amine vapors may cause irritation of the mucous membranes and asthmatic conditions. Amines in direct contact with the eyes can cause severe damage. Some of the liquid uncured resins are skin irritants, sensitizers of both. Typical lesions resemble contact dermatitis with reddening and weeping. Epoxy resins may be modified with fillers such as silicone and asbestos. Asbestos is identified as a known carcinogen, and excessive exposure to silica can result in the condition known as silicosis. These health hazards are usually limited to inhalation of fine dust containing asbestos or silica. Because the fibers are locked into a solid or semi-solid form the associated health hazards are greatly reduced or nonexistent. Solvents are often the major component of the uncured resins. They are primary skin irritants as a result of their ability to dehydrate and remove natural oils of the skin. Although they in themselves are not sensitizers they can enhance the sensitizing effects of the strong dermatitis through inhalation may result in such symptoms as headaches, dizziness, nausea, impairment of reaction time and coordination. A few adhesives are composed of polyurethanes, which are strong sensitizers. Overexposure may produce mucous membrane irritation, chest tightness, irritation of the respiratory tract, coughing, headache, and shortness of breath. The irritation may be severe enough to produce bronchitis and pulmonary edema, but this is extremely rare.
• PPE/HANDLING: Safety glasses should be worn at all times. Impervious gloves and protective clothing should be worn. Remove and wash soaked clothing before reuse. If inhalation overexposure results, remove the subject to fresh air. These adhesives should only be used in well ventilated areas. Use of organic vapor respirators may be necessary if ventilation seems inadequate.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: Keep all stored material away from heat and flames. Adequate ventilation should be provided if any of the liquid components spill. In the event of eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes, and if the skin is exposed, wash the effected area with soap and water. In the event of ingestion, do not induce vomiting. Seek medical help immediately.
• Sealants
• CHARACTERISTICS: Sealants are found in paste form and are generally composed of polysulfides or polysiloxznes. These compounds offer great resistance to oils and solvents and are impermeable to gases. As with adhesives the sealants are furnished in two parts which cure at room temperature when blended.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: The catalyst for the polysulfide based sealants can contain lead peroxide (lead dioxide). This form of lead has not been documented to cause any adverse health effects upon exposure as do other forms of lead. Some sealants contain calcium dichromate as a catalyst agent. As with lead, the hazardous effects associated with the chromate are noted if inhaled in the form of mists and dusts. A few sealants may be composed of polyurethanes. these compounds act as sensitizers. All of the sealants contain small amounts of solvent. The presence of solvents may give some grades a fairly strong odor. The primary exposure in handling sealants is skin contact, especially broken areas, resulting in contact dermatitis if excessive.
• PPE/HANDLING: As noted above, the primary result of exposure for sealants is via the skin. It is necessary to avoid excessive exposure to the hands by using gloves and/or protective hand creams. Should exposure occur, wash affected areas thoroughly with water. Safety goggles should be worn to protect the eyes. Again, if contact is made with the eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes. Adequate general ventilation is sufficient to reduce solvent vapor exposure.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: Store sealants in closed containers in sheltered area. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame. Upon burning toxic vapors may be emitted.
• CORROSIVES
• Acids, Liquid, Water Soluble
• CHARACTERISTICS: Acids are usually clear or slightly tinted solutions of dissolved salts. They are usually nonflammable, but are very react ive and corrosive. They t end to have a very strong, pungent odor, and their dangerous properties are greatly magnified w hen the solutions are heated. They are used in t reating, plating, etching, batteries, and other processes. Examples of acids are nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and chromic acid.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Acids are very powerful corrosives. They will react quickly with human tissues causing severe burns that are painful and slow healing. Acid mists can cause severe eye irrit at ion and respirat ory irritation including coughing and burning sensations. The liquid can cause severe eye burns and may result in blindness. Most acids w ill cause immediat e pain, but some acids are slow , and w ill cause great damage bef ore sensat ions of pain are evident . Acids w ill react w ith bare metals and produce hydrogen gas, a f ire/explosion hazard.
• PPE/HANDLING: For w orking w ith acids, eye saf et y glasses or goggles and neoprene/acid resistant gloves are mandatory. For very concentrated acids, face shields, aprons, boots are necessary. Avoid vapors and any contact w ith skin. Alw ays add concentrated acids to w ater (do not add w ater to acids) using full protective equipment. Use local ventilation, and the use of a full organic vapor/acid gas respirator or airline respirat or may be necessary. Store in cool, dry, w ell vent ilat ed areas, aw ay f rom alkaline type mat erials. Avoid cont act w ith reactive materials (aluminum and/or magnesium). Avoid storing in direct sunlight.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In the event of eye or skin contact, f lush w ith w at er for 15 minut es. If acids are sw allow ed DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give plent y of w at er, seek immediat e medical at t ent ion. Do not give liquids to unconscious victims, remove contaminated clothing, w ash before reuse. If inhalation has occurred and breathing stops, give art if icial respirat ion. In the event of a large spill, evacuat e area, and cont act the Fire Depart ment.
• Bases, Caustics, Water Soluble
• CHARACTERISTICS: Bases are usually clear or slightly tinted solutions of various dissolved salts. They are not flammable, but highly reactive and very corrosive. They tend to have a very strong, biting odor, and are used in cleaning solutions, neutralizers, drain openers and chemical processes. Their dangerous properties tend to increase at higher temperatures. Examples of basic solutions include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, Kolene, and ” Draino” type drain opening solutions.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Bases are powerful corrosives. They will react quickly with human tissue causing severe burns that are painful and slow healing. The mists and vapors can cause eye irritation and respiratory irritation including coughing and burning sensations. The liquid can cause severe eye burns and may result in blindness. If swallowed bases may produce severe burns of the mouth, throat, and intestinal tract; stomach pains and diarrhea may also be evident. Most bases will cause immediate pain, but some react slowly, causing great damage before sensations of pain are evident.
• PPE/HANDLING: For working with bases, eye safety glasses or goggles and neoprene/acid resistant gloves are mandatory. For very concentrated bases, face shields, aprons, and boots are necessary. Avoid breathing vapors and contact with skin. Bases will destroy most clothing materials. Always add concentrated bases to water (DO NOT ADD WATER TO BASES) using full protective equipment. Use local ventilation, and the use of a full face acid gas or vapor respirat or or airline respirators may be necessary in areas of high concentration. Store in cool, dry, well ventilated areas, away from acid materials. Avoid contact with aluminum, zinc, tin, and like alloys with concentrated product. Do not mix with strong acids without dilution first.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In the event of eye or skin contact, flush with water; this must be started within 1 minute of exposure to minimize damage, and must be continued for 15 minutes. Some bases will cause great damage before pain, so washing off exposed tissue is very important. If bases are swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING, give plenty of water, seek immediate medical attention, give artificial respiration if necessary. In the event of a large spill, evacuate area, call Fire Department.
• COMPRESSED GASES
• General
  
  Store cylinders in w ell vent ilat ed areas. Keep cylinders aw ay f rom sources of heat. Storage should not be in heavy t raffic areas so as to prevent accidental knocking over or damage f rom passing or falling objects. Valve caps should remain on cylinders not connected for use. Segregate full and empty cylinders. Storage areas should be f ree of combustible mat erial. Avoid exposure to areas w here salt or corrosive chemicals are present. Secure cylinders w hen not in use. Avoid dragging, rolling or sliding cylinders even for a short distance. Do not use compressed air to blow off clothing or to perform any operations in w hich the gas stream is directed against the body. Alw ays point to the cylinder valve opening aw ay f rom yourself and other personnel w hile ” cracking” the valve to clear the opening of dirt, dust or moisture. Do not ” crack” the cylinder valve of highly toxic or f lammable gases in confined, non-vent ilat ed areas.
• Flammable Gases
• CHARACTERISTICS: Acetylene gas used in the gas welding process is a flammable gas. Acetylene is colorless at normal temperatures and pressure, but has a garlic-like odor. This gas is a simple asphyxiant which in increased concentrations can reduce the oxygen levels in air (normally about 21%) to dangerous levels (18% or lower) which can cause asphyxiation.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Acetylene exposure under moderate concentrations may cause headaches, drowsiness, dizziness and unconsciousness.
• PPE/HANDLING: Impervious gloves and safety glasses should be worn when handling cylinders. Both gases are extremely flammable and form explosive mixtures with air and oxidizing agents.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: Evacuate all personnel from danger area.
• Oxygen Gas Cylinders.
• CHARACTERISTICS: Accelerates the combustion of flammable materials.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Breathing high concentrations causes symptoms of hyperopia including cramps, nausea, dizziness, hypothermia, respiratory difficulties, fainting, and convulsions capable of leading to death.
• PPE/HANDLING: Protective loose-fitting gloves of impermeable material such as leather and safety glasses should be used when handling gas cylinders.
  
  Prevent liquid oxygen from contacting grease, oil, asphalt or combustibles. Ventilate area to evaporate and disperse oxygen. Avoid smoking and contact with sources of ignition after exposure to concentrations of oxygen. Materials which burn in air will burn violently in an atmosphere of oxygen. Some materials will burn in pure oxygen which are nonflammable in air. Oxygen is not to be used as a substitute for compressed air.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: Attempt to stop the source of release. Evacuate all personnel from effected area. Use appropriate protective equipment. Remove all sources of heat or ignition and ventilate area.
• PAINTS AND DYES
• Water Based Acrylics, Latex Paints
• CHARACTERISTICS: These products are available in a variety of colors for many uses including interior and exterior painting of equipment, vehicles, aircraft, and facilities. They are usually nonflammable, but some may burn under extreme situations. They are pigmented with a variety of compounds, and usually have a thick, soupy consistency with a mild ammonia odor.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Water based paints are generally considered non-hazardous. Some may contain solvents that may produce mild eye and/or nose irritation. Some of these products may produce limited skin conditions in extremely sensitive people. These products may be harmful if swallowed. In general, under normal working conditions, these products are generally considered safe for use.
• PPE/HANDLING: General ventilation should be sufficient, with exhaust ventilation for very confined spaces. Goggles or eye protection should always be used in any painting process. Gloves and aprons are recommended for extremely sensitive individuals. Avoid any unnecessary exposures. Do not freeze this product. Store in stainless steel or baked phenolic coated drums. Wash hands/skin with soap and water after use. Store in a cool, dry place.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In the event of eye contact, flush, with water for 15 minutes, consult physician if irritation persists. If excessive inhalation occurs, remove victim to fresh air, and call physician. In the event of ingestion give water and contact physician immediately. Wash soaked clothes before reuse. Use soap and water to wash skin.
• Inks, Stains, Dyes
• CHARACTERISTICS: Inks, stains, and dyes usually consist of a small amount of pigment dissolved in a large quantity of various solvents. This means that the hazards associated with inks are very much like those associated with organic solvents. They are usually thin, water-like solutions with intense colors. Most are highly flammable and non-reactive. Solvents contained in these products include methyl ethyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, toluene, xylene, and butyl alcohol.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: When used in small quantities, these dyes should pose no real health hazards. When used excessively, over long periods of time, some of the solvents may cause problems in the organ systems of the human body. The vapors from these products may cause respiratory and eye irritation. Direct contact of the liquid in the eyes might result in redness, blurred vision, or tearing. These products may be mildly irritating to the skin, causing dermatitis in some cases. Some of the solvents may enter the bloodstream through the skin. Absorption through the skin, and inhalation of excessively high concentrations of vapors may produce central nervous system depressive symptoms such as nausea, headache, and dizziness. Ingestion of any amount may result in nausea, vomiting, and irritation of the mucous lining. Also possible is blindness and death. These products are harmful and can be fatal if swallowed.
• PPE/HANDLING: Do not use these products in enclosed areas. If necessary, use organic vapor respirators or airline respirators in emergency situations. Avoid inhaling any unnecessary vapors. For people whose skin is irritated, nitrile rubber gloves are recommended. Always wear eye protection when using these products. Stains can be removed from hands using pumice type soap. Use hand lotions to prevent drying of hands.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: Caution: flammable products, avoid heat; flames and sparks. In the event of eye exposure, flush with water for 15 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water, remove soaked clothing and wash before reuse. In the unlikely event of swallowing, give plenty of water and immediately seek medical attention. Do not delay in seeking help. If excessive inhalation has taken place, remove to fresh air, apply artificial respiration if necessary. Seek medical help. In the event of a large spill, eliminate ignition sources, evacuate area and call the Fire Department. Avoid spillage into public drainage system.
• ABRASIVES
• Polishing Compounds
• CHARACTERISTICS: Polishing/rubbing compounds are in the form of astes or thick viscous liquids which are then applied to metal surfaces for finishing. They contain for the most part petroleum derivatives (i.e. solvents) which exhibit the characteristic odors of petroleum by-products.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: As with solvent inhalation, over-exposure may result in such symptoms as headaches, nausea, impairment of reaction time and coordination. In the case of inhalation, move the affected individual to fresh air. Prolonged exposure to the skin can result in skin dermatitis. Any direct skin contact with these compounds should be avoided. Eyes exposed through splattering should be flushed with water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if the irritation persists.
  
  Dusts are generated with the use of the power buffers. Use of respirators should be evaluated.
• PPE/HANDLING: Eye protection in the form of goggles or safety glasses should always be worn when working with these materials. General ventilation should be adequate, however, if working in an area where air contaminant control is not feasible, respirators with organic vapor cartridges should be used. If the dusts generated present a problem dust mask may be worn. Protective cloth gloves should be worn if repeated and prolonged exposure to hands is expected. These compounds should be kept away from heat, sparks, and open flames.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In case of accidental contact with eyes or skin, flush with water. Remove sources of ignition if compounds are accidentally spilled.
• Abrasive Papers
• CHARACTERISTICS: Generally referred to as “sand paper,” these products come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Generally they consist of a granular abrasive agent (aluminum oxide, titanium oxide) adhered to a paper, cloth, or belt. They are used in sanding, deburring, polishing, and various other common operations.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: The primary health hazards associated with abrasive papers is that of nuisance dust from the mechanical action associated with these types of operations. The dust, if kept below the OSHA limits is not considered to be hazardous to your health. During sanding operations, the object being sanded may also release free dust, which may pose a hazard. Generally, wood sanding, aluminum, titanium, and steel sanding pose no excessive dangers.
• PPE/HANDLING: The largest concern in using abrasive papers is the inhalation of dusts. This exposure can be limited by wearing a NIOSH-approved dust/mist respirator for nuisance dusts. Eye protection should always be worn, and gloves may be necessary for skin sensitive people. Avoid any unnecessary inhalation of dusts while sanding. Some operations may require wet sanding to limit generation of dust.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: Use care in cleaning up dust. Do not use compressed air to clean up sand paper dust. Sweep in controlled fashion or use a vacuum. In the event of eye exposure, flush eyes for 15 minutes, and seek medical help if irritation persists.
• SOAPS, CLEANERS, DETERGENTS
• Soaps, Detergents
• CHARACTERISTICS: Soap and detergent products come in a variety of compositions including powders, liquids, and creams in a variety of colors. Most are slightly alkaline, and some may be strongly alkaline. They range in use from mild hand soaps to strong detergents. They are usually completely water soluble, and nonflammable. Some have fragrances added.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: Soaps and detergents generally present mild health hazards. Some may be irritants to the eyes, but these effects are acute and tend to be short-lived. Ingestion of extremely large amounts of very powerful detergents might produce strong gastrointestinal reactions such as vomiting, pain, cramps, and irregularity. Inhalation of these compounds is not likely to occur, but may produce some upper respiratory irritation. Excessive exposure to soap compounds may have a drying effect on the skin, and may produce mild skin irritation. Strong laundry detergents may be corrosive and harmful or fatal if swallowed.
• PPE/HANDLING: Soaps and detergents are mild in nature, but should still be handled w ith respect. Avoid splashing into eyes. Always use eye protection. Avoid unnecessary skin exposure, especially to concentrated products. Use rubber gloves if skin becomes very dry or irritated. Hand lotion is recommended to moisturize dry skin. Do not expose soaps to powerful acids or oxidizers.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In the event of eye exposure, flush with large amounts of water. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. In the case of ingestion, give water and seek medical attention immediately. Flush skin with water. Avoid pouring or spilling concentrated products into sewage systems. In the event of a spill, wash with plenty of water. In a major spill, call the Fire Department. Evacuate immediate area.
• Waterless Hand Cleaners
• CHARACTERISTICS: These products usually come in a gel or cream and are usually tinted and mildly fragranced. They are used to wash oils, some paints, inks, and other grease products from the skin. They are water soluble, and usually come in small containers designed for personal use. They are generally made from light mineral oil compounds and may contain a variety of other compounds in limited quantities.
• HEALTH HAZARDS: The health hazards associated with these products are minimal. Ingestion and inhalation of any significant amount is very unlikely. These products may produce some eye irritation and mild skin irritation.
• PPE/HANDLING: Under normal use, this product poses no real threat. Avoid strong oxidizing agents and acids. Avoid ingestion and eye contact. Rinse thoroughly after use. Hand lotion may be used to prevent drying.
• EMERGENCY/SPECIAL: In the event of eye contact, flush with water, seek medical help if irritation persists. In the event of excessive ingestion, give water, and seek medical help. Wipe up any spill using towels or rags, rinse.